BACKROUND

I. Deixis   

‘Deixis means different things to different people’ (Cruse,2000:319). Or according to Davis (2000) ‘deixis is equivalent to pointing. It derives from the same Greek root that occurs in Digit, Index, Indexical namely expressions whose reference is a function of the context of their utterance’. Some deictic forms like here, now, you, this and that are considered some of the most obvious linguistic elements which require contextual information for their interpretation (Brown & Yule, 2000:27). In his Meaning in Language (2000) Alan Cruse introduces that there are five main types of deixis: person deixis, spatial deixis, temporal deixis, social deixis, and discourse deixis. In order to be able to interpret elements of discourse such as deixis, it is important to know who the speaker and the hearer are, and also the time and place or location of the making of the discourse (Brown & Yule, 2000:27). So in the rest of the analysis I am going to explain further about deixis, especially the main types of deixis, in relation to language written for performance.

1. Person Deixis

Person deixis refers to the use of pronouns of first, second and third person. The first person is the speaker, and the second person is the addressee or the hearer. While the third person is neither the speaker nor the hearer (Cruse,2000:319). In this case we might look at the table below which shows the comparison between personal pronouns in English and in Indonesian:

English	Singular	Plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person	I/ me you he/him/,she/her, it	we/ us you they/ them
Indonesian
1st person	saya/aku	kami/ kita

2nd person 3rd person

kau/ kamu dia

kalian mereka

(Cruse,2000:320 & the writer’s data,2000) The first-person personal pronouns in English and Indonesian have the same type. However, the Indonesian personal pronouns do not have special form in the object pronouns. So ‘saya’ and ‘aku’ which mean ‘I’ are the same in their forms when they are used as a subject or an object. Both of them can substitute each other. Besides, ‘kami’ and ‘kita’ which mean ‘we/us’ also have no difference in the forms when they are used in a sentence as a subject or an object.

Then the second-person personal pronoun in English and Indonesian also have the same form. In the sense that they can be used as a subject or an object without altering it. While the third-person personal pronouns in English and Indonesian have a significant difference. English third-person personal pronouns have clear genders or sexes when they occupy subject or object, for she/her, he/him, and it. So it is quite clear and easy to find out what the personal pronoun refers to in a discourse. But, in Indonesian there is no difference of using the third-person personal pronoun. ‘Dia’ is neutral; it means that it can be used to refer to he, she, or it. And when it becomes a subject or an object in a sentence it will not change.

2. Spatial Deixis

According to AlanCruse (2000), spatial deixis refers to locative adverbs like here and there and demonstrative adjective like this and that. The use of such space markers is sometimes not clear, especially if the hearer is not directly involved face to face with the speaker during the conversation happen. In performance the use of adverbs and demonstrative adjectives can be ambiguous if it is not used appropriately. Usually, here, there, this and that can cause ambiguity when they are used in a long discourse.

3. Temporal Deixis

‘Temporal deictics function to locate points or intervals on the time axis, using the moment of utterance as a reference point’ (Cruse,2000:321). Furthermore, Cruse says that the time axis is divided into three major groups, namely: a) before the moment of utterance, b) at the time of utterance, and c) after the time of utterance (2000:321). When we are talking about time it is something that we have to pay attention very well. Because if we do not clearly mention the time markers in a discourse, written or spoken, then it might be ambiguous to the hearer.

The most common temporal deixis in English is now and then (Cruse, 2000). These two words are very flexible to use in a discourse. And they are very relative. For example, when I say : Now I am pursuing MA of Communications Studies in the University of Leeds. ‘Now’ refers to a certain length of time when I start the program until I hopefully can finish my program. ‘Now’ is not merely interpreted as at that moment when I uttered the sentence. However, let us compare with the following sentence: I am reading a book now. ‘Now’ in the sentence just refers to a point of time that is relatively short. If it is compared to Indonesian, there is not much difference in meaning.

4. Social Deixis

Social deixis according to Cruse (2000:322) ‘is exemplified by certain uses of the so-called TV (tul vous) pronouns in many languages.’ It is used to point out to a reference based on the class of the speaker and the person that he refers to. Such deixis is not too significant in English since it does not have distinct differentiation of referring to other person who has higher social level. But in Indonesian, social deixis plays an important role in indexing.

II. Love Story Song

The song was sung by Taylor Swift was born on December 13, 1989 in Reading, Pennsylvania, and grew up in Wyomissing, Pennsylvania. She is the daughter of Andrea Gardnera, a housewife who used to work in finance, and Scott Kingsley Swift, a stockbroker. Maternal grandmother, Marjorie Finlay was an opera singer. Swift has a younger brother named Austin.

This song tells the story of two people who love each other. But their love story is not sanctioned by the father of the woman. A very different background to trigger their relationship. Which of these girls came from the nobility, while the men come from the ordinary.

PROBLEM OF STUDY

DATA DAN DISCUSSION

I.                   DATA

Lyric Love Story

By: Taylor Swift

We were both young when I first saw you
I close my eyes
And the flashback starts
I'm standing there
On a balcony of summer air

See the lights,
See the party, the ball gowns
I see you make your way through the crowd
You say hello
Little did I know

That you were Romeo you were throwing pebbles
And my daddy said stay away from Juliet
And I was crying on the staircase
Begging you please don't go, and I said:

Romeo take me somewhere we can be alone
I'll be waiting all there's left to do is run
You'll be the prince and I'll be the princess
It's a love story baby just say yes

So I sneak out to the garden to see you
We keep quiet cause we're dead if they know
So close your eyes
Escape this town for a little while

Cause you were Romeo I was a scarlet letter
And my daddy said stay away from Juliet
But you were everything to me
 I was begging you please don't go and I said:

Romeo take me somewhere we can be alone
I'll be waiting all there's left to do is run
You'll be the prince and I'll be the princess
It's a love story baby just say yes

Romeo save me, they try to tell me how to feel
This love is difficult, but it's real,
Don't be afraid
We'll make it out of this mess
It's a love story baby just say yes, oh,

I got tired of waiting
Wondering if you were ever coming around
My faith in you was fading
When I met you on the outskirts of town I said:

Romeo save me I've been feeling so alone
I keep waiting for you but you never come
Is this in my head, I don't know what to think
He knelt to the ground and pulled out a ring

And said:

Marry me Juliet you'll never have to be alone
I love you and that's all I really know
I talked to your dad go pick out a white dress
It's a love story baby just say yes

Oh, oh, oh

Oh, oh, oh, oh

Cause we were both young when I first saw you

II.                DISCUSSION AND ALALYSIS

We were both young when I first saw you

We : Romeo and Juliet

I : Juliet

You : Romeo

I close my eyes

I : Juliet

My : Julie’s eyes

And the flashback starts

I'm standing there

I : Juliet

On a balcony of summer air

See the lights,

See the party, the ball gowns

I see you make your way through the crowd

I : Juliet

You : Romeo

Your : Romeo’s way

You say hello

You : Romeo

Little did I know
I : Juliet

That you were Romeo you were throwing pebbles

You : Romeo

And my daddy said stay away from Juliet

My : Juliet’s Daddy

And I was crying on the staircase

I : Juliet

Begging you please don't go, and I said:
You : Romeo

I : Juliet

Romeo take me somewhere we can be alone

I : Juliet

We : Romeo and Juliet

I'll be waiting all there's left to do is run

I : Juliet

You'll be the prince and I'll be the princess

You : Romeo

I : Juliet

Prince : Romeo

Princess : Juliet

It's a love story baby just say yes
It: Juliet and Romeo’s Story

Baby : Romeo

So I sneak out to the garden to see you

I : Juliet

You : Romeo

We keep quiet cause we're dead if they know

We : Romeo and Juliet

They : Juliet’s Family

So close your eyes

Your : Romeo’s eyes

Escape this town for a little while

Cause you were Romeo I was a scarlet letter

You : Romeo

I : Juliet

And my daddy said stay away from Juliet

My : Juliet’s Daddy

And I was crying on the staircase

I : Juliet

Begging you please don't go, and I said:
You : Romeo

Romeo take me somewhere we can be alone

I : Juliet

We : Romeo and Juliet

I'll be waiting all there's left to do is run

I : Juliet

You'll be the prince and I'll be the princess

You : Romeo

I : Juliet

Prince : Romeo

Princess : Juliet

It's a love story baby just say yes
It: Juliet and Romeo’s Story

Baby : Romeo

Romeo save me, they try to tell me how to feel

Me : Juliet

They : Juliet’s Family

This love is difficult, but it's real,

This : Love

It : Juliet and Romeo’s Love

Don't be afraid

We'll make it out of this mess

We : Romeo and Juliet

It : Juliet and Romeo’s Love Story

This : mess

 
It's a love story baby just say yes oh,
It: Juliet and Romeo’s Story

Baby : Romeo

I got tired of waiting

I : Juliet

Wondering if you were ever coming around

You : Romeo

My faith in you was fading

My  Juliet’s Struggle

You : Romeo

When I met you on the outskirts of town I said:

I : Juliet

You : Romeo

Romeo save me I've been feeling so alone

Me : Juliet

I : Juliet

I keep waiting for you but you never come

I : Juliet

You : Romeo

Is this in my head, I don't know what to think

This : Juliet’ feeling

My : Juliet’s head

I : Juliet

He knelt to the ground and pulled out a ring
He : Romeo

And said:

Marry me Juliet you'll never have to be alone

Me : Romeo

You : Juliet

I love you and that's all I really know

I : Romeo

You : Juliet

I talked to your dad go pick out a white dress

I : Romeo

Your : Juliet’s dad

It's a love story baby just say yes

It : Romeo and Juliet’s story
baby : Juliet

Oh, oh, oh

Oh, oh, oh, oh

Cause we were both young when I first saw you

We : Romeo and Juliet’s

I : Romeo

You : Juliet

REFERENCES

·        lyricsalls.blogspot.com

·        wikipedia.com

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